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Glossary of the Eye

accommodation: ability of the lens to adjust its shape for vision at various distances in order to produce a clear image on the retina.

anterior chamber: space in front portion of the eye between the cornea and the iris and lens, which is filled with aqueous humor

aqueous humor: clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber and the posterior chamber in the front part of the eye and provides nutrients to structures in the anterior chamber.

aqueous outflow pathway: the main exit route of aqueous humor from the eye, including the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal.

astigmatism: irregular curvature of the cornea or lens resulting in a distorted image because light rays are not focused on a single point on the retina.

binocular vision: coordinated use of the two eyes to see a single fused three-dimensional image.

blindspot: in testing the visual field, this is the blind area corresponding to the optic disk where the optic nerve fibers exit the eye and where there are no light-sensitive cells.

central visual field: the area of objects in space seen without moving the head or eyes; corresponds to an area within 30º of the fixation point (fovea).

choroid: the middle layer of the eye containing blood vessels that furnish nourishment to the other parts of the eye, especially the retina.

ciliary body: a ring of tissue between the iris and the choroid consisting of muscles and blood vessels that changes the shape of the lens and manufactures aqueous humor.

color vision deficiency (color blindness): inability to recognize certain colors, primarily red or green, but rarely blue.

cones: cone-shaped light-sensitive cells in the retina particularly in the macula area; cone function predominates in daylight with a small pupil allowing one to make out details and shapes, especially colors.

congenital: present at birth.

conjunctiva: delicate tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the front part of the eye except the cornea.

cornea: the clear curved structure that comprises the front of the eye, a refractive surface through which light enters.

degeneration: tissue changes that make it less able to carry out its function.

depth perception: the blending of slightly dissimilar images from the two eyes for the perception of three–dimensional depth.

diopter: metric unit used to denote the refractive error of the eye or lens.

distance vision: ability to distinctly perceive objects at a distance, usually tested at 20 feet.

farsightedness: also called hyperopia; a refractive error in which the focal point for light rays is behind the retina; distant objects are seen more clearly than near objects.

focus: the point at which light rays meet after passing through the cornea and lens; in normal eyes this point is on the fovea of the retina.

hereditary: appearing in, or characteristic of, successive generations; individual differences in human beings passed from parent to offspring.

incidence: number of new cases of a particular problem or disease that occurs within a period of time.

iris: colored circular membrane that is in front of the lens and controls the size of the opening at its center (pupil), thereby regulating the amount of light entering the eye.

laser: surgical tool using an intense beam of light energy to close rips, make holes, destroy new vessels (photocoagulation), or to open channels as in the treatment of glaucoma.

legal blindness: visual acuity that does not exceed 20/200 in the better eye with correcting lens; field of vision no greater than 20 degrees in its widest angle (visual acuity of 20/200 means that a person can see at a distance of 20 feet what one with “normal” sight can see at 200 feet).

low-vision aids: powerful optical devices useful to persons with vision impairments that are not  successfully corrected by the usual prescription lenses.

macula: a rod-free area at the center of the retina that surrounds the fovea and is responsible for best central vision.

myopia: see nearsightedness.

nearsightedness: also called myopia; a refractive error of the eye where the image of a distant object is formed in front of the retina and cannot be seen distinctly; near objects are seen more clearly than distant objects.

near vision: the ability to perceive objects distinctly at normal reading distance (usually about 14 inches from the eye).

night blindness: condition in which sight is good by day but deficient at night and in any faint light.

optic disk: head of optic nerve; formed by the meeting of all retinal nerve fibers in the retina.

optic nerve: special nerve of sight beginning in the retina as the optic disk, which carries messages from the retina to the brain, resulting in visual images.

peripheral vision: the ability to perceive the presence or motion of objects outside the direct line of vision.

presbyopia: decreased elasticity of the lens due to advancing age which moves the near point of vision farther from the eye, making it difficult to focus on near objects.

prevalence: total number of cases of a problem or disease in the population at a given time.

pupil: the opening in the center of the iris that appears as a black dot and through which light enters the eye.

refraction: measurement of the focusing characteristics of the eye to determine refractive error and the need for prescription glasses.

retina: innermost layer of the eye containing light sensitive nerve cells and fibers connecting with the
brain through the optic nerve and nourished by a network of blood vessels; receives image and sends it to the brain.

rods: light-sensitive cells in the retina that work best in darkness or dim illuminations.

sclera: the white part of the eye; a tough covering that along with the cornea forms the external protective layer of the eye.

severe visual impairment: inability to read ordinary newspaper print, even with the aid of glasses, and impairment indicating no useful vision in either eye; includes those who are legally blind.

20/20 vision: the ability to correctly perceive an object or letter of a designated size from a distance of 20 feet; normal visual acuity.

visual acuity: measurement of the ability of the eye to perceive the shape of objects in the direct line of vision and to distinguish detail; generally determined by finding the smallest symbol on an eye chart that can be recognized at a given distance.

visually impaired: persons who have some difficulty seeing with one or two eyes even when wearing glasses.

vitreous body: transparent colorless mass of soft, gelatinous material filling the globe of the eye between the lens and the retina.

Our Offices are conveniently located in:

Stockton, Lodi, Manteca, Tracy, Sonora & Jackson

Locations:

March Lane (Stockton) Medical Offices
1801 E. March Lane, Suite A-160 & C-350
Stockton, CA 95210

Downtown Stockton Medical Office
255 E. Weber Ave., Stockton CA 95202
Stockton, CA 95210

Lodi Medical Office
421 S. Ham Lane
Lodi, CA 95242

Manteca Medical Office
1630 W. Yosemite Ave., Suite 3
Manteca, CA 95337

Tracy Medical Office
36 W. 10th Street
Tracy, CA 95376

Sonora Medical Office
14550 Mono Way
Sonora, CA 95370

Jackson Medical Office
817 Court Street, Suite #10
Jackson, CA 95642

Surgical Center
1801 E. March Lane, Suite C-360
Stockton, CA 95210

Office Hours:

Monday to Thursday
8:00 AM - 5:00 PM

Friday
8:00 AM - 4:30 PM

Saturday & Sunday
Closed

Call Us:

209.466.5566

Keep Informed:

The Doctors of Zeiter Eye Medical Group continue to be the Central Valley leaders in new medical technologies and techniques.

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Stockton March Lane Medical Office

1801 E. March Lane, Suite C-350, Stockton, CA 95210
(209) 951-1178

Downtown Stockton Medical Office

1801 E. March Lane, Suite C-350, Stockton, CA 95210
(209) 951-1178

Lodi Medical Office

421 S. Ham Lane, Suite A, Lodi, CA 95242
(209) 366-0446

Manteca Medical Office

1630 W. Yosemite Ave., Suite 3, Manteca, CA 95337
(209) 239-3880

Tracy Medical Office

36 W. 10th St., Tracy, CA 95376
(209) 834-0700

Zeiter Eye Ambulatory Surgical Center

1801 E. March Lane, Suite C-360, Stockton, CA 95210
(209) 337-2020

Sonora Medical Office

Jackson Medical Office

Vision Services

Refractive Surgery

Cataract Surgery

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